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FEMALE BUBALINE MASTITIS ETIOLOGY IN BRAZILIAN STATE OF SÃO PAULO. GUIDO,M.C.1;CARVALHO,N.A.T;1BARUSELLI,P.S1.;COSTA,
E.O2. 1-
Departamento de Reprodução Animal – FMVZ- USP 2
-Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Animal – FMVZ/USP Universidade
de São Paulo – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Av.
Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva,,87 – code: 055800-000. São Paulo – SP –
Brazil INTRODUCTIONAlthough the bubaline milk exploration being recent in Brazil, it has been increasing. The bubaline world population is around 146 millions (CHANTALAKHANA, 1992) and presents an annual growth rate of 2 %. In Brazil the total population is around 2,5 millions and in the last decade its growth annual rate has been 12%.( BARUSELLI ,1993) Bovine mastitis in Brazil presents a high prevalence, causing high economical breaks (COSTA, 1991), mastitis has also been a reality in bubaline in this country (VIANNI,1997). In 1997, a research was conducted in the county of Pirassununga, in the state of São Paulo, (COSTA and coll.) in which different prevalence of bacteria isolation during lactation steps, the results were 42.25% in the beginning, 33.34% in the middle and 20.31% in the end. In all the samples Staphylococcus spp. was the main isolated agent (49.2%). The presented research has the objective of identifying isolated microorganisms from female bubaline milk presenting symptoms or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS In present
study, 250 milk samples from 92 buffalo females were collected in 7 farms in
Ribeira valley and 1 in Sorocaba, both in the state of São Paulo. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) descriptor by SCHALM e NOORLANDER (1957) was elected in order to evaluate the inflammatory process in the mammal gland before colecting the samples in order to make the classification in negative, or positive in scores of 1 to 3 (+, ++, +++) Natrum Hipoclorite was used as a disinfectant in the gland before the collecting in sterile tubs. In the lab the samples were spread in 5% sheep blood agar and incubated in temperature of 37 degrees centigrade for the periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours, in aerobic environment. In order to identificate the the specimens of Staphylococcus sp, plasma coagulase, suggar fermentation of mannitol, galactose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, maltose and sucrose tests according to KRIEG & HOLT, (1994). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the evaluated samples, 29.6% (74/250) were
bacteria isolated, in these samples, 77.0% (57/74) were Staphylococcus
sp, 12.2% (9/74) were Corynebacterium
SP, 5.4% (4/74) were Escherichia coli,
4.0% (3/74) were Streptococcus SP and
1.3%(1/74) Bacillus SP. Among the Staphylococcus only 10.5% were positive to coagulase, (Staphylococcus intermedius) and the rest was negative.
In 69.6% animals, no inflamatory process was
identified, on the other hand, 18.4% of these animals showed bacterial isolation
in their milk samples.
Animals, on which the clinical examination was
negative, had smaller bacterial isolation. 7
different specimens of negative coagulase Staphylococcus were identified, and 1
of these presented 2 subtypes (27.5% S.auricularis,
21.6% S. hyicus chromogenes, 15.7% S.
hyicus hyicus, 13.7%
S. simulans, 9.8% S.
sacharoliticus, 7.8% S. hominis
and 3.9% S. warnei).
Among the negative samples against the CMT,
there was no Corynebacterium spp.
isolation. The finding of 77% Staphylococcus spp. is according to different authors around the world. (CHANDER and BAKI, 1975; PARANJABE, 1986; SAINI and coll., 1994, COSTA and coll., 1996; COSTA and coll. 1997; NAIKNAWARE and coll., 1998.)
The
isolation of negative coagulase Staphylococcus specimens, in these
buffaloes milk samples, were similar to the bovine milk analisis in the same
region (COSTA and coll., 2000).
On the other hand there was bigger predominance
on positive coagulases in bovines.
In the farm where the positive coagulases
staphylococcus were isolated, it was also detected the worst hygiene during the
milking process. CONCLUSION This
research makes clear the fact of better hygienic quality been related to better
health conditions on buffaloes concerning milk production since environmental
pathogenic microorganisms are the principal agent of mastitis.
The presence of a great number of animals,
which have no inflammatory process in the mammal gland and have infection is an
important factor in the bubaline specie, this makes easier the spreading of the
disease among the animals and causes milk contamination.
BIBLIOGRAFY Chantalakhana,
1992, A global view of the genetic resourcer of
buffaloes (FAO), The management
of global animal genetic resources. Roma,
Itália. Baruselli,
P.S,1993 Manejo Reprodutivo de Bubalinos, EEZ- Vale do Ribeira- IZ,46p. Costa, E.O. 1991. Importância econômica da mastite infecciosa bovina..Comunicações Científicas. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP :15,1: 21-26, Vianni, M.C.E., 1997 Etiologia das mastites subclínicas bubalinas e sua Influência sobre as características do leite. Tese de Doutorado. UFRJ., 157p. Costa, E.O.; Garino jr,F; Watanabe, E.T.; Ribeiro, A.R.; Silva,J.; Vezon, P.; Gabaldi, S.H.; Benites, N.R.; Baruselli, P.S.; Paske,A. 1997. Evaluation of the CMT positivity and microbiological status of the mammary gland over the different lactation phases in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis). In World Buffalo Congress, 5, Caserta, Italy,631-634. Schalm, O.W. ; Noorlander, D.D. ,1957 Experiments and observations leading to development of the California Mastitis Test. Journal of American Veterinary Med. Res. 130: 199-204. Krieg, N.R. ; Holt, J.C.,1994 Bergey’s manual of sistematic bacteriology. 9º ed.,Baltimore, Willians & Wilkins. Naiknaware, H.S.; Shelke, D.D.; Bhalerao, D.P.et al. 1998. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes in and around Munbai. Indian Veterinary Journal, 75:.291-292. Paranjape, V.L.; Das, A. M.,1986Mastitis among buffalo population of Bombay – a bacteriological report. Indian Veterinary Journal, 63,.6:.438-441. Saini, S.S.; Sharma, J. K. ; Kwatra, M.S.,1994 Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis among crossbred cows and buffaloes in Punjab. Indian Journal Dairy Science , 47 :103-106. Chander, S.; Baki, K.K. ,1975 A note on diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal, 52:.847-49. Costa,
E.O.; Garino JR, F.; Melville, P.A.; Ribeiro, A.R.; Silva, J.A.B.; Watanabe,
E..T.; Valle, C.R. ,2000 Estudo da etiologia das mastites bovinas nas sete
principais bacias leiteiras do estado de São Paulo. Revista NAPGAMA,3,
.4: 6-13. |
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